Why is semiconductor is so important ?

 Semiconductor :

We have studied about Insulator and conductor. These two concepts we know that.

Lets know simply what is Insulator ?

Insulator : Insulator work as, it not allow to conduct the electricity as well as heat, so that's why we called this is a bad conductor.

This is possible to conduct electricity in Insulator how ? the answer is "Yes".  Because, If  any Insulator material sustain heat constantly, than it is very easily electricity pass through it.

But on the earth there is not "Yet" material to founded, who sustain heat constantly without any damages.

Let's take an Example 1: If we want to pass electricity in plastic straw pipe, than it is possible to pass electricity in it, But one condition in that is, only and only it's able to sustain heat constantly.

And that's why, the Insulator properties matter doesn't able to conduct heat and electricity.

Conductor :

What is conductor ?

Conductor is a very good conductor of heat and electricity. Conductor can allow to Conduct electricity in Bi-directional in Alternate Current/voltage like Sinusoidal wave of current or voltage.

what issue we face Because of Bi-directional flow, All we know that, in our home, the current come in form of AC (Alternate Current), So because of that, the current in sinusoidal wave form so that's why it constantly fluctuating up and down. But we know that, in our electronic device or electronic circuit only and only work on DC current.  So providing AC TO DC here Semi-conductor Concept is important to know.

So overcome this issue conducting electricity in Bi-directional flow there is one solution for this is Semi-Conductor.

Semi-conductor : Semi-conductor is a conductor which means, it allow electricity to flow as well as it acts as resistor also, because semi-conductor only allow to flow in one direction so that's why we called this is a Uni-directional conductor.

In some condition Semi-conductor act like Conductor and in some condition semi-conductor acts like Insulator.

Lets take an Example to understand this :

Here, as you can see that , here we take half wave rectifier. If At point (A) consider there is Positive volt and At point (B) there is Negative volt, than only our circuit conduct in Semi-conductor, Because here diode only work in forward direction mode and not conduct in reversed direction mode. In forward direction mode Semi-conductor work as conductor and in reversed direction mode Semi-conductor work as Insulator.

So basically, here in this circuit one Semi-conductor we use as a Diode, So all the major role play by this small diode and this diode come in Semi-conductor family.

In early 90s which components are used as switches ?

 Ans :- 

Relay is a component used as switches in 18's and 19's century.

Relay was invented in 1835 by the brilliant US scientist Joseph Henry (1797–1878).

         

How to make french toast

 

Hello friends welcome to this  french toast recipe here you know the whole process of making french toast at home.

Now first we discuss all the ingredient we take to making french toast 

Ingredient :- Bread slice - 3, Egg - 2, Salt-1/3 tbsp, Milk - 2-3 tbsp, Butter and Honey - 2tbsp (optional) 

Step 1: Now first we take egg in bowl and crack the egg in a bowl.

Step 2:  Add 2 -3 tbsp milk in egg bowl 

Step 3:  Add 2 - 3 tbsp milk in eggs bowl 

Step 4: whisk it well with spoon.

Step 5: In this step turn on the flame and heat a pan & add some butter.

Step 6: Dip the bread slice into the egg batter and place it on pan.

Step 7: Cook it on medium flame for few seconds.we flip bread slice as egg set in bread and back side also we cook it for few second.

Step 8: Once it turns light golden, then take it out from the pan.

Step 9: Repeat the process for remaining bread slices

Step 10: Add honey on french toast (optional)

Step 11: Now your french  toast ready to serve.

What is history behind valentine’s day ? Why we celebrate every year valentines ‘day ? Do you know ?

Every year we celebrate valentine's day, But we dont’ know the reason behind this day.

Actually what happened behind this day is, we all are very familiar with the western countries culture. Every western couple, they are not believe in marry. They always believe in “live in relationship”.

The meaning of “live in relationship” is ,for a some time or for some days, they live like a husband & wife with each other. And meaning of “Marry” word is totally opposite from “live in relationship” Marry means for lifetime couples live with each other.

In the land of Rome, the great saint valentine born. When saint valentine seen, the culture of western and culture of Easten countries. They totally surprised, and think how vast difference in between both Easten & Western culture.

They seen that in eastern country side, couples marry with each other and live for lifetime each other. But in case of western country side couples not marry, they only believe to “live in relationship”.

To stop this tradition “live in relationship” they put their voice agaist this culture. And start motivate couples to marry with each other. But by seen all this incident happend in his country.

But the king of Rome was very cruelty in nature. By his nature they are very popular in the world. The name of king is “CLAUDIUS”.

The Rome king Claudius believe in, female is only for brothels. But in the state of Rome, this saint valentine go to every people house and tell to them, Please marry with each other and live for Lifetime.

The reason behind, why great saint valentine teach people to marry with each other.

i》In married life, the complexity is reduces. 

ii》There are very less chance of getting bigger disease.

iii》Getting of veneral disease is less.

Saint valentine are very popular and famous for his marry culture in the Rome. By seen all this “marry culture” in Rome. The King Claudius are very Angry against saint valetine and give order to hang.

In those day’s whatever order given by the King, that is used to the law. On 14 February since 4058, the great saint valentine hanged.

So that ,the people or couples who inspire by this saint valantine and get marry. They are very sad. So in the remembrance of the great saint valentine, so this day celebrate as “valentine's day”.

But we celebrate this day because we know this day is a romance day for Girlfriend & Boyfriend. 

And we see in our society, this valentine day celebrate in our school, colleges even our houses. But in our country, our girls and boys send valentine cards each other and what they write in the card !  that is “would you make my valentine this year”. 

But we Don’t know actually why we celebrate this valentine day. For what reason we celebrate, the answer is, without any reason. We celebrate is because, we think this day is specially for girls, boys and couples romance. But this is not the truth behind, on this day we all tribute to the great saint Valentine.

Salute to Saint Valentine who came to earth and showed us the right path.

 I hope this year you know very clearly, that is why we celebrate valentine’s day every year.

 

 

 

                                              

 

How do microwaves cook food ? OR How does a microwave turn electricity into heat?

 Likethis!

1) In Microwave inner side there is strong metalbox, and there is a microwave generator called a magnetron. When you start cooking, the magnetron takes electricity from the power outlet and converts it into high-powered, 12cm(4.7inch) radiowaves.

2) The magnetron blasts these waves into the food compartment through a channel called a waveguide.

3) The foods it on naturntable, spinning slowly round, so the microwaves cook it evenly.

4) The microwaves bounce back and forth off the reflective metal walls of the food compartment, just like light bounces off a mirror. When the microwaves reach the food it self they don't simply bounce off Just as radiowaves can pass straight through the walls of your house, so microwaves penetrate inside the food. As they travel through it, they make the molecules inside it vibrate more fastly.

5) Vibrating molecules have heat so, the faster the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food becomes. Thus the microwaves pass their energy into the molecules in the food, rapidly heating it up.

I hope you understand these concept in simply and easily.

If you have any doubt or queries regarding to this concept, ask frequently we will happy to reply.

Automation viva questions with answers

 1) what is PLC ?

Ans:- PLC stands for Programmable Logic controller. PLC is a device that is used to automate industrial process such as manufacturing plant, waste water treatment, ore processing plant.  PLC specially designed for operate under Harsh industrial environment.

2) What is fix PLC ?

Ans:- It is a compact PLC in which there is no modification can be done, in other words we cannot add more input and output according to our requirement.

3) What is modular PLC ?

Ans:- In this PLC modification can be done, we can add input and output as per our requirement.

4) How how AC input module ?

Ans:- 80 to 115 volt

5) How much DC input module ?

Ans:- 24 volt

6) How much Analog input module ?

Ans:- 20 mV (milli-volt)

7) What is automation ?

Ans:- The automation means, automatic manufacturing without human control.

8) What are advantage of PLC ?

Ans:- a] Less wiring 

b] More flexibility 

c] Lower cost

d] Faster response time

9) What are the elements of PLC ?

Ans:- a] Input Module 

b] Output Module

c] Power Supply

d] Processor

e] Programming Device

10) Application of PLC ?

Ans:- a] Food processing Industry 

b] Traffic light control 

c] Chemical Industry

d] Steel Industry 

Automation UNIT TEST I [2020-21EVEN TERM]

 
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, MUMBAI

Name of Dept.: - Electronics Engineering

UNIT TEST I [2020-21EVEN TERM]

 

Course: Automation                                                                                     Course Code: -EC19411

Duration: - 1Hr                                              Marks: -20                          Class: -TYEC (1^st& 2^nd Shift)

Q.1  Attempt any three (3*2)                                                                                                  06

 

a.  Define the automation                                                                      .             (CO1, R)

b.  List the types of PLC Instructions                                                                            (CO2, R)

c.  Explain the OSR instruction.                                                                           (CO2, U)

d.  Explain the SCP instruction                                                                               (CO2, U)

Q.2  Attempt any two (2*4)                                                                                                  08

 

a.       Differentiate between Fixed and modular PLC.                                             (CO1, A)

b.       Design ladder logic for AND,OR gate using XIC Instruction                           (CO2, A)

c.       Draw diesel generator system Explain it’s working                                         (CO3, U)

 

Q.3  Attempt any one(1*6)                                                                                                  06

 

a.       Draw the AC input module. Explain the function of each block                                    (CO1, U)

b.        Explain the TON,TOFF and RTO instruction of PLC                                                 (CO2, U)

c.       Design ladder logic for traffic light controller                                                              (CO3, A)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CO no	CO1	CO2	CO3	Levels	R	U	A
Marks	12	16	10	Marks	04	20	14

 

How do we recognize fake and real battery of phone ?

 

Hello my friends welcome to this blog post. Today we know some step to identify between fake and real battery of phone/mobile. As you know that in the name of company brand name, many fraud people sell battery, which is completely duplicate or you can say local product.

Here I explain some basic step to recognize between fake & real battery of phone/mobile.

Step 1 Smell battery from nose :-  In your hand when you smell local/Fake battery, you found some smell of (Lithium ion). But in case of Real/Original battery you will not found any type of (Lithium-ion) smell.

You might think here, why fake battery smell (lithium-ion) & in real battery we not found any smell of (Lithium-ion) ???

Because in fake battery there is not any insulation covered, that’s why from battery constantly (Lithium-ion) gas releases and that's why, we able to smell easily. But in Real/Original battery there is insulation is provided to protect battery (Lithium lion) that’s why we not able to smell.

Step 2  In fake battery there is no barcode :- Whenever you go to buy mobile battery, you should check the battery backside there is barcode or not. If you found barcode backside then it's mean, it is Real/Original battery. But when you not found barcode backside of battery then it's 100% fake or duplicate battery.

Steps 3  Check weight of your real battery & fake battery whatever mobile shopkeeper give you :-

If your mobile battery is damage, so you should take your damage real battery from your phone & go to mobile shop.

Shopkeeper gives you some brand battery of your phone, so what you have to do first is after checking above all two steps this third last steps is very accurate & correctly differentiate between real and fake battery.

What you have to do is, in your one hand put your damage real battery & another hand put whatever battery given by shopkeeper. And now check it's weight.

You find that real battery weight is greater than fake battery.

So that You can easily differentiate between real & fake battery.

"Multi-Copta" pro Boys

                                          

Hi friends my name is Rajakumar, I am the student of Government Polytechnic Mumbai. As like every year, there are many batches of students make their unique projects in their final year.

So first of all let me introduce about my group members, in my group members there are total 5 members are there. :-

They are:- 

"Multi-Copta" pro boys

So we all meet together and make a plan to do something unique & different from our expectation. So in the first time, our group members decided to make a human lifting drone, but these idea are not fit in our budget & not also fitted in sponsor by college.

Then we all decided new idea, that is "Multi-Copta",  Here first of all let me know you that, the meaning of "Multi-Copta" is, a drone which can perform various task.  

 For ex. i) Food delivery

ii) Medical purpose

iii) Agricultural sector

iv) In military Army for lifting tools & weapons

As I talk about our budget of this project, then it is around 50K. For your kind information, this project is 90% Sponsored and 10% self contributed.

You might think that & in your mind many questions are raises ? Right

That is, How and why they sponsored us?

*The top reason why GP Mumbai sponsored for our project.

✓They see value & uniqueness.

✓They see our (Passionate mind set towards this project)

✓Taking fully responsibility 

✓Brave Confidence in us

✓Many more implementation

✓They see in our project that is, it's really add value in many sectors.

✓They see future upcoming demand.

We really very thankful to GP Mumbai. They really try to understand our great idea and allow to implement and sponsored us. We all are very thankful to our Principal mam and our all department faculties, who support in our project.

We all are very thankful to our group members for their hard work and great effort towards this project.

Thank you!

We present our project in the front of NBA (National Board of Accreditation)

Explain project design & its's working principle