Enlist the effect of adding a zero and a pole in transfer function of system

 When a zero is added in the transfer function

1) Bandwidth increases, hence rise time decreases

2) Setting time increases

3) System more stable

When a pole is added in the transfer function

1) Bandwidth decreases hence rise time increases

2) Resonance peaks (Mr) increase

3) System become less stable

Draw the diagram of two fiber UPSR and explain how it is useful in stand by mode of continuous fiber optic communication

 

Block Diagram of Two fiber UPSR









The full form of UPSR is Two Fiber Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR).
Normally the working of traffic travels clockwise around the ring on primary path.

Connection from Node 1 to Node 3 links 1 & 2.
Traffic clockwise path is the protection path, if the link or Node fails, protection path (Link 5 to 8) is indicated by dashed lines.

To achieve protection, signals from a transmitting Node is a dual fed into both primary and protection fiber.

In case of failure of fiber optic communication, how does four fiber BLSR help. Explain with neat diagram

 

The full form of BLSR is Bidirectional Line Switched Ring.
Two primary fiber loops (1p to 8p) are used for normal bidirectional communication.
And other two secondary fiber loops are stand by links for protection purposes (1s to 8s).

Lets consider, the connection between Node 1 and Node 3 then traffic from Node 1 to Node 3 flow in clockwise direction links 1p & 2p.
In return path, traffic flow counter clockwise from Node 3 to Node 1 along links 7p & 8p.
If a transmitter or receiver circuit card fails, then the affected Node detects a loss of signal condition.
And switches both primary fiber connecting Nodes to secondary protection pair.

So in that condition four fiber bidirectional line switched ring is very useful and helpful.

Explain the operation of line interactive UPS with the help of neat block diagram

Line Interactive UPS

 Operation Mode 1:- → When mains is ON, static switch is closed.

                                                  Load get connected directly to the AC mains through inductance (L).

                                    

                                        → Inverter cum charger blocks operates as charger a battery bank.

Operation Mode 2:- → When mains is OFF (fails) static switch is open.

                       → Inverter cum charger and battery supplies power to load through inverter.                                                            

The sum of 5 by 14 and 4 by 8​

 Solution:- 

(23.8 – 2.49) x (4 x0.15)

 Question :- (23.8 – 2.49) x (4 x0.15)

         =  (21.31) x (0.6)

         =   (12.786)  Ans.

Subtract 3ab from 10ab

 1) 7ab

2) 13ab

3) -7ab

Ans:- 7ab

Here we have to subtract 3ab from 10ab, it means that 

10ab - 3ab = 7ab

Who is the richest person in entire Asian Country?

 a). Jeff Bezos

b). Mukesh Ambanic). Bill Gatesd). Ratan Tata​Ans:- b) Mukesh Ambani

Study the following frequency distributing table and answer the questions given below. Frequency Distribution of Weight of 70 persons (in kg)

 

(i) What is the size of the class intervals?

Ans:- 45 - 40 = 5

(ii) Which class has the highest frequency?

Ans:- 4th class has the highest frequency.

(iii) How many persons weigh less than 50 kg?

Ans:- 20 persons

(iv) Which two classes have the same frequency?

Ans:- 1st and 5th class have the same frequency.