Advantage of secondary wavelets for Huygens principle

 1) Its sends out secondary waves only in forward direction.

2) Secondary wave is effective only at the points where it touches the envelope.

3) Secondary source is situated on a wave front.

Firing potential of SCR is applied to which terminal

 As we know that SCR has three terminal like : i)  Anode (A) 

                                                                            ii) Cathode (K)

                                                                            iii) Gate  (G)

To turn ON SCR there is only two ways : 1) Increase the forward voltage beyond the break over voltage.

                                                                   2) By giving positive triggering gate pulse to the SCR.

The firing potential of SCR is applied to the Gate terminal of the SCR.

Light Dimmer by using Triac (Project)

Title: Light Dimmer by using Triac.

Objectives: Dimmers are device connected to a light fixture and used to lower the brightness of light. By changing the voltage waveform applied to lower the intensity of light output.

Leaning Outcomes: i) We learn how light brightness actually controlled by using light dimmer.

 ii) We learn how dimmer circuit controlled light brightness from lower to higher brightness level.

iii) And one more one thing is that, we actually learn its working and how trice is used here for controlling it's light-brightness.

Prior Concept: Working of light dimmer circuit by using Triac.

Light Dimmer Circuit Using Triac

The Circuit shows the RC phase shift network and DIAC Controlled TRIAC for the light dimming application. The voltage applied to the gate terminal of the triac is varied by the RC arrangement involving the Resistor R3 and the capacitor C3. When the device is in off state, the rate of change or rises of voltage is limited by the series R4-C1 network that is connected across the TRIAC.

Once the input voltage if applied from the 230V power source, the capacitor C1 and C2 start charging at the rate determined by the variable resistor R2. Once the voltage across the capacitor C3 exceeds the breakdown voltage of the DIAC, it gets triggered and the DIAC start conducting and this will discharge the capacitor C3 and the gate pulse is given to the Triac.

The gate pulse turnss ON the TRIAC and the current starts flowing through the lamp. By varying the variable Resistance VRI, the rate of charging of the capacitor also gets varied, which in turn varies the voltage rate, at which the TRIAC gets triggered in both the positive and negative half cycles.

The voltage is applied to half of the AC cycle, then the light bulb will appear with less intensity when it gets the full AC voltage. Because it gets the low power to heat the filament. These light dimmer use the brightness VRI knob to control at what point each cycle to switch the light ON and OFF.

Prior concept: The basic circuit of light dimmer using TRIACis shown in the given figure and this circuit depends on phase control. The variable Resistor VRI plays as a main controller in the light dimmer circuit.

In this light dimmer circuit without any change DIAC, we can be replaced by the BC148 transistor when the transistor is used instead of DIAC, then the base terminal of the transistor not connected and remaining terminals like emitter and collector are connected without the help of polarity.

Conclusion: In light dimmer circuit by using triac we fully controlled brightness level of the light bulb according to our requirement.

Compare/Difference between Controlled Rectifier and Uncontrolled Rectifier

 Controlled Rectifier: 

i) When SCR are used to convert AC to DC they have controlled output voltage, so it is called a controlled rectifier output.

ii) Diodes conducting immediately after its voltage has become positive.

Uncontrolled Rectifier:

i) In this rectifier, the circuit using diodes only are called uncontrolled rectifier circuit.

ii) Unlike diodes, SCR does not become conducting immediately after its voltage become positive. Because it requires triggering gate pulse for forward conduction of SCR.

What types of waves are shown on computer?

In our universe there are unlimited waves are exist, but in this waves we only see few of them.

We are capable of see visible light only in electromagnetic spectrum.

The list of visible lights are:

1)  Violet

2)  Indigo

3)  Blue

4)  Green

5)  Yellow

6)  Orange

7)  Red

These are the Visible light which we can see easily.

But your question about which waves are shown on computer ? is that your question right, Than its right answer is, On computer there are basically three colours are used or waves are used to display any pictures or videos is Red, Green and Blue colours or waves.

 

Beacuse of these three basic colour combination we able to see many different colours on our computer screen.

Transverse wave examples

They move up and down about their equilibrium positions. Some examples of transverse waves are:

• The ripples on the surface of the water
• The secondary waves of an earthquake
• Electromagnetic waves
• The waves on a string
• Stadium or human wave
• The ocean waves

Kya Matkke ka paani fridge ke paani se jyaada phaayademand hota hai ?

Garmiyo ke season aate hi hamaare mann mein kuch thanda ho jaya aise sab khayaal aate hai. aisa sochana ye toh hamaare liye bilkul natural hai. Actually garmiyo ke season mein hum jyaada kar ke thande-thande padarth khaana pasand karte hai. Jaise ki ice-cream, kulfi, cold drinks, fruit juice aur sabhi prakar ke beverages. Lekin kya aap ko pataa hai, yeh sabhi padarth ko thanda karne ke liye usse fridge mein rakhaa jaata hai.

Garmiyo ka season chaalu hua nahi ki hum fridge ke thande-thande paani peene lagte hai. Thanda paani peene ke baad hamaara pyaas bujha toh jaata hai. Lekin kya aapko pataa hai fridge ka paani hamaare sehath ke liye bilkul achha nahi hota hai. 

1) Kya aap ko pataa hai fridge ka thanda paani peene se hamaaraa shareer bahut aalsi jaisa mehsus karta hai.

2) Hamaara digestive system bahut hi weak hota jaata hai.

3) Fridge ka thanda paani peene se hamaaraa shareer uss thande paani ko garam karne mein bahut jyaada urjaa kharch kartaa hai, aur kya aapko pataa hai wo urjaa aati kahaa se hai, wo urjaa hamaare blood se aati hai. Iss ka matlab yeh hua ki jo blood baaki sab organs ko supply mein kaam aati thi wo blood aap ke thande paani ko garm karne mein lag gaya. Aur maanlo aisa hi chalta rahaa toh ek din aisa aayega ki aapke jitne bhi organs hai wo sab dheere-dheere jawab dete jaayenge, iss ka matlab ki wo kharab hote jaayenge, kyun ki aap ka blood ka supply ab uss organs ko nahi mil rahaa hai jiss organs ko blood ki supply ki jarurat thi.

3) Thande paani peene se aap ko constipitation ki bimaari toh aani hi hai ye paakaa hai. Iss constipation ko hindi mein hum kabj ke naam se jaante hai.

4) Aur yahaa tak aap jaan lijiye jo log jyaada fridge ka paani peete hain unn logo ko latrin jaldi nahi utarta hai. Issliye wo log bathroom mein ghanto-ghanto news paper lekar baithe rahatein hai.

Isse ye saaph ho jaata hai ki agar hum fridge ka paani peete hai, toh ye maanlo ki hum marne ke kagaar par hai.

Agar aap ko thanda paani peena hi hai toh aap matkke ka paani pee sakte hai. Ye bahut hada tak safe hota hai. Darasal matkke ka paani naturally normal temperature hota hai, jisse hamaaraa shrareer usse aasaani se digest kar letaa hai. Aur waise bhi aap sab jaante hai ki matkka ek eco-friendly natural cooling substance hai, jo paani ko normal taarike se thanda karta hai.

Agar hum baata dein ki Fridge jo hota hai yeh eco-friendly nahi hota hai. Agar aapke ghar mein fridge hai toh jaan lijiye ki wo eco-friendly nahi hai. Kyun ki fridge constantly ek baut khatarnak gas release kartaa hai aur wo hai Chloro-Flouro-Carbon (CFC). Chloro-Flouro-Carbon (CFC) Hamaare environment ke liye bahut hi dangerous hota hai, ye gas global warming ko barakarar rahne mein madat kartaa hai. Aapko hum bataa dein ki global warming usse kehte hai ki jab hamaare environment ka temperature dheere-dheere badhane lagataa hai, hamaare normal temperature se.

Agar hum matkke ka paani peeyenge toh hamaara sehath ke saath-saath hamaara environment bhi fresh and polluted free rahega.

Kya aap sab jaantein hain ek aisa jeev hai hamaare iss dharti pe ki agar usske shareer ke hum jitne bhi tukade karenge toh har ek tukada ek naya shareer banayega

Hamaari iss duniya mein ajibo-garib alag-alg kism ke jeev-jantu paaye jaante hai, lekin bahut se jiv-jantu ke baare mein hum jaante honge lekin bahut se jeev-jantu aise bhi hai jinke baare mein hum kuch nahi jaante. Hamaare hi iss planet earth pe paaya jaanewala ek aisa jeev hai jo ki bahut hi adbhut jeev hai. Iss ki ek hi specialty sabhi jeevo se alag kar deti hai aur wo hai regeneration jee haa regeneration hi ek maatr aisi isski adbhut speciality hai jisse yeh hamaare liye aur baaki sabhi jeev-jantuwo se bilkul khass banaati hai. Toh chaliye jaante hai aisa wo kaun sa jeev hai. Toh chaliye hum aap ko uss jeev ka naam bataate hai, uss jeev ka naam hai planaria.

Aap sab ne isske baare mein sunaa aur padha jarur hoga apne student life mein, Actually iss planaria topic ke baare mein aap ne science ke kitaab mein jarur padha hoga. Yeh planaria ka size lag bhag 0.1 inch se lekar 0.6 inch tak hota hai agar hum baat kare isski height ki tab ye 30 cm se bhi jyaada height badhate hai. Chaliye dekh lijiye ki ye dikhata kaisa hai.

Yahaa par aap sab dekha saktein hai iss planaria ko, jiske baare mein hum baat kar rahe the. dikhane mein yeh hamein bahut chhota dikhayi pada raha hai, lekin iss ke kaarnamo ke baare jab aap jaanoge toh aapke hosh udd jaayenge. Toh chaliye jaante hai iss ke kaarnamo mein ke baare mein.

jaise humne pehele line mein bataya tha, ki jab iss planaria ke hum kitne bhi tukade-tukade kardenge toh har ek tukada ek naya planaria ko janm degaa aur issi prakriyaa ko hum english mein regeneration of planaria kehte hai. Iss regeneration of planaria ki prakriya kaise dikhati hai yeh aap iss image ko dekh kar achhe se samajh jaayenge.

Jaise ki aap sab ye dekh rahein hai ki ek planaria ko jab 3 tukado mein hum jab kaate hain toh har ek tukadaa ek puraa planaria ban jaata hai. planaria ka kataa hua head ka part ek pura planaria banaa chuka hai, waise hi usska trunk, tail ka kataa hua part ek pura planaria ka shareer banaa diya hai. Ye koi jaruri nahi hai ki hum usska sirf head, trunk or tail jaise part kaatenge tohi wo pura planaria ka body banaane mein capable hoga, aisa bilkul bhi nahi hai. Hum chahein toh kahi se bhi usske shareer ka part kaatenge toh wo pura planaria ka body banaane mein capable hoga. 

Aap sab jaise jaante honge ki jab lizard (Chipkali) ka tail wala part cut ho jaata hai toh wo phir se nikal aataa hai. Lekin lizard (Chipkali) ke saath regeneration wala prakriya usske tail wale part ke saath hi hotaa hai, baaki body ke saath nahi hotaa hai. Lekin jab hum baat kar rahein hai iss planaria jaise jeev ki toh isska pura shareer mein regeneration prakriya hone ki capability hoti hai, hum iss planaria ka body kisi bhi angle se kaate aur kahin se bhi kaate toh ye har ek part ko ek pura planaria banaane mein capable hoga.

Aap sab ye jaanne ko bahut utsuk honge ki planaria jeev kahaa rahata hai ? Toh jaan lijiye ye plaaria fresh or salt water dono mein ye paaya jaata hai, jaise ki ponds, river,spring, streams etc. chaliye jaantein hai ki kya ye planaria jaise jeev hum insaano ke liye khatarnak hoga, toh aap jaan lijiye bilkul nahi. Hai na yeh sabhi jeev-jantuwo se adbhut.

Hamein haftein mein ek baar toh baahar ghumane jarur jaanaa chahiye

Bhaag dauda ki iss zindagi mein hum bahut busy rehtein hai. Roj apne-apne kaam ko sambhalne mein lage hua hai, kya kare yeh sab toh hamein sambhaalna hi hoga nahi toh hamaari zindagi kaise chalegi. Hum kabhi-kabhi iss zindagi se bahut hi pareshaan ho jaate hai, yeh sab hamaari roj ke thakaan aur din-bhar ki tension ke wajase hota hai. Kya hum kuch kar nahi sakte iss thakaan aur din-bhar ke tension ko kam karne ke liye. Toh chaliye hum jaante hai ki iss thakaan aur tension ko kaise kam kiya jaaye.

Hamein haftein mein ek baar apne-aap ke liye jarur kuch time dena chahiye. Kuch time dena ka matlab yeh hai ki hamein haftein mein ek baar kisi ek adventurous jagahh par jarur jaana chahiye. Jab hum aisi kisi adventurous jagahh par jaayenge toh hamein bahut achha mehsus hoga. Hamein aisa lagega ki chalo aaj kuch nayaa aur kuch alag sikhane aur dekhane ko milega. Mera kehne ka matlab yeh ki hamein uss jagahh par jaanaa chaahiye jahaa pahaad ho, jahaa nadiyaa ho, jahaa paani ke jharne ho, jahaa khuli jagahh ho, kuch aisa jagahh jahaa par aas-pass koi ghar na ho.

Jab aise jagahho par hum ghumne ke liye jaayenge toh hum apne-aap ko bahut hi halka mehsus karenge. Hamein aisaa lagega ki humaare sar par se bahut hi badaa bojha utar gayaa hai. Uss jagahh ki khuli hawaaye jab hum apne andar lenge toh hamaare shareer ka oxygen level badhega, aur hum apne-aap ko bahut aaraam feel karenge. Aisa jagahh aapko bahut hi jyaadaa gaon ke side mein hi dekhane ko milega. 

Chaliye mein apne baare mein bataataa hun, mein mumbai mein lagbhag 5 saal ho gaye hai, lekin mai aapko sab kya bataau ab tak gaon nahi gayaa. Mujhe bahut mann hota ki iss saal gaon chalaa jaau lekin kya karu padhaai ke wajase gaon nahi ja paata hun. Aap sab soch rahe honge ki aise kaise nahi gaon jaa saktaa hun. Actually mein jab 9th standard pass hua tab meine apne ssc board ke liye tayeyaari shuru kar diya, iss wajase mai uss saal gaon nahi jaa sakaa. Aur jab mai ssc pass hua tab fyjc ka online form bharna padaa phir iss ke liye tayeyaari shuru kar diya, jaise hi fyjc pass hua toh meraa 12th ka tension sar pe aa gayaa. Phir kya 12 pass hone ke baad 3 saal abhi polytechnic course kar rahaa hun aur soch lijiye ab tak mai gaon nahi gayaa.

Yehi experience aap sab se share karnaa chahataa tha, ki aap bhi meri tarahh apne khush bhari zindagi ko yu hi jaane na dein iss din-bhar ki zindagi mein se zara sa time nikaal kar kahi adventurous jagahho par jaakar aayein. Isse aapko junun aur kaam kar ka motivation level boost ho jaayega. Aap sabhi ko mai yehi kehna chahunga, ki aap sab mere jaise galti naa kare kyun mujhe koi idea nahi tha ki adventurous jagahh ghumne se kitna achha mehsus hota hai.

Hamein apne kaam ke saath-saath apne swaasth ka bhi khayal rakhanaa chahiye. Kyun maine bahut laapar waahi ki hai, aur baad mein mujhe pachataanaa pada rahaa hai. Aaj ke iss modern city mein agar hum apne-aapka swaasth ka khayaal nahi rakhenge toh barut hamein problem ko face karna pada sakta hai. Aap sab toh jaise jaante hi honge iss samy mein aaj kal kitne naye-naye bimaariyaa aarahein hai. Iss liye aapne aapko sambhaal kar rakhiye, baaki kaam baad mein sabse pehle apne-aap ke liye samay nikalne se aap ko kabhi-bhi tension, thakaan jaise problem kabhi nahi aayega. Take care youself because your helath is wealth.